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Susan K. Avery (born 1950) is an American atmospheric scientist who became the first female president and director of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). She came to WHOI from the University of Colorado at Boulder, where she was interim dean of the graduate school and vice chancellor for research. She previously served as director of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), a 550-member collaborative institute between UCB and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). ==Education and career== Avery began her undergraduate study in physics at Michigan State University, focusing on the physics of the natural world. She specialised in how atmospheric waves propagate in the stratosphere, earning her doctorate in atmospheric science from the University of Illinois in 1978. After earning her bachelor's degree and master's degree at the University of Illinois, she began a career studying environmental sciences and environmental technology, and had an especially strong interest in incorporating science into public policy. Avery secured her first faculty position in the University of Illinois' electrical-engineering department. This post enabled Avery to embark on her own research, supported by two fellowships from the National Science Foundation and CIRES. Her research included studies of atmospheric circulation and precipitation, climate variability and water resources, and the development of new radar techniques and instruments for remote sensing. The author or co-author of more than 80 peer-reviewed articles, Avery helped form an integrated science and assessment program that examines the impacts of climate variability on water in the American West. She quickly built collaborations at the National Centre for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and NOAA, moving to the University of Colorado at Boulder in 1982. Avery developed new radar technology that allowed the first measurements of wind in the upper atmosphere of remote equatorial regions, leading to years of collaborations in the tropics and the academic rank of professor of electrical and computer engineering. After earning tenure, she accepted a position as associate dean of research and graduate education. From 1994-2004, she served as director of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), the first woman and first engineer to hold that position. There, she facilitated new interdisciplinary research efforts spanning the geosciences while bringing them together with social and biological sciences and helped establish a thriving K-12 outreach program and a Center for Science and Technology Policy Research. As director of CIRES, Avery worked with NOAA and the Climate Change Science Program to help formulate a national strategic science plan for climate research. Avery became the president and director of (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution ) on February 4, 2008. She is the first atmospheric scientist and the first female scientist to take the position of director in the WHOI's history. Under Avery’s leadership, WHOI increased the application of its knowledge to societal issues, providing high-quality data and analysis across a range of topics, from climate to biodiversity to resources to natural hazards mitigation. These efforts gave WHOI’s work reach into new and important arenas. During Avery’s tenure, WHOI rapidly mobilized researchers from several different departments to assist the Coast Guard and other responders during the (Deepwater Horizon oil spill ) in 2010. It also worked for nearly two years to successfully locate the deep water wreckage of (Air France flight 447 ) in the southern mid-Atlantic. And it conducted another rapid response and mobilization immediately following the (disaster at Fukushima ), when it was critical to gather data and water samples quickly to determine the amount of radioactivity released into the ocean. During the same time period, WHOI concluded a $10 million Arctic research initiative and began work on another, as well as undertaking an ocean acidification initiative in the northeast. It also contributed significantly to the National Climate Assessment, and became a leader in studies of coral reef resilience to changes in temperature and pH and in providing the data needed to support reef conservation and the establishment of marine protected areas. WHOI continues to work on the development and advancement of a variety of ecosystem forecasts for harmful algal blooms and fisheries, which are critical for decision-making. Dr. Avery also oversaw some major technology advances at WHOI, including the upgrade of the human-occupied submersible vehicle (Alvin ) for the 21st century; the award and procurement of the ocean class research vessel (R/V Neil Armstrong ); and the design, build, and deployment phases of the (Ocean Observatories Initiative ). There were major advances in bio-imaging and ocean informatics during Avery’s tenure, and she oversaw the establishment of the (Center for Marine Robotics ), intended to advance the field of marine co-robotics and bring new academic and industry partnerships to WHOI. Avery also pushed to increase WHOI’s public outreach efforts, opening the doors of WHOI to the community in a variety of ways. In 2013 Avery was named to the United Nations’ newly created scientific advisory board.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UN Secretary-General’s Scientific Advisory Board to strengthen connection between science and policy )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Susan Avery」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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